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1.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 74(1): e20200615, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1155931

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze the process of creating the HIV Testing and Counselling Center in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: qualitative research, with a historical approach. The direct sources consisted of written documents and 11 oral testimonies. Results: in order to create this Testing and Counselling Center, investment was made in the implementation of a Municipal Management Unit for the STD/AIDS Program; in the elaboration of the Project for the Creation of the Testing and Counselling Center; in the process of attracting, selecting and training human resources; and choosing the right place for its operation. Final Considerations: the nurse who coordinated this investment had the support of the authorities of that municipality and had an authorized speech on HIV/AIDS in the municipality of Nova Iguaçu; planned each stage of this service and used effective strategies to create the Testing and Counselling Center.


RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el proceso de creación del Centro de Prueba y Guía para VIH en el municipio de Nova Iguaçu, en Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, de abordaje histórico. Las fuentes directas constituyeron de documentos escritos y 11 deposiciones orales. Resultados: para la creación de eso Centro de Prueba y Guía, se embistió en la implementación de una Unidad de Gestión Municipal del Programa ETS/Sida; en la elaboración del Proyecto de Creación del Centro de Prueba y Guía; en el proceso de captación, selección y capacitación de recursos humanos; y en la selección del local adecuado para su funcionamiento. Consideraciones Finales: el enfermero que coordinó esa inversión contó con el apoyo de las autoridades de aquello municipio y tenía discurso autorizado sobre coordinó en el municipio de Nova Iguaçu; planeó cada etapa de eso servicio y utilizó estrategias eficaces para la creación del Centro de Prueba y Guía.


RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o processo de criação do Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento para HIV no município de Nova Iguaçu, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, de abordagem histórica. As fontes diretas constituíram-se de documentos escritos e 11 depoimentos orais. Resultados: para a criação desse Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento, investiu-se na implementação de uma Unidade de Gerenciamento Municipal do Programa DST/aids; na elaboração do Projeto de Criação do Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento; no processo de captação, seleção e capacitação de recursos humanos; e na escolha do local adequado para seu funcionamento. Considerações Finais: o enfermeiro que coordenou esse investimento contou com o apoio das autoridades daquele município e tinha discurso autorizado sobre HIV/Aids no município de Nova Iguaçu; planejou cada etapa desse serviço e se utilizou de estratégias eficazes para a criação do Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Brazil , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Organizations , Counseling , HIV Testing
2.
J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab. (Online) ; 56: e1842020, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134615

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Many factors can impact the performance of diagnostic assays for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, affecting the results of population surveys. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of point-of-care rapid tests (RT) used for HIV diagnosis as compared to conventional tests in blood samples from a population of transvestites and transsexual women. Methods: A total of 1,385 samples with HIV RT results were submitted to Instituto Adolfo Lutz for evaluation by conventional laboratory tests. Results: HIV positivity was confirmed by conventional laboratory tests in 100% of the 240 (17.3%) samples with reactive RT. However, 1,145 (82.7%) samples with non-reactive RT results were evaluated; three (0.3%) tested positive and one (0.1%), indeterminate for HIV. Although a proportion of discordant results were found, the point-of-care RTs showed a high confirmation rate when compared to the serological tests. Conclusion: The data of this study corroborate the importance of adopting effective management tools to ensure quality of HIV infection diagnosis.


RESUMEN Introducción: Muchos factores pueden impactar en el desempeño pruebas para diagnóstico de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), comprometiendo los resultados de investigaciones poblacionales. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el desempeño de pruebas rápidas (PR) en el punto de atención utilizadas para diagnosticar el VIH en relación con las pruebas convencionales en muestras de sangre de la población de travestis y mujeres transexuales en la ciudad de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Un total de 1.385 muestras con resultados de PR de VIH se remitieron al Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), para ser evaluadas por pruebas de laboratorio convencionales. Resultados: De las 240 (17,3%) muestras que presentaron resultado reactivo en las PR, positividad para VIH se confirmó en el 100% por pruebas de laboratorio convencionales. Sin embargo, de las 1.145 (82,7%) muestras evaluadas con resultado de PR non reactivo, tres (0,3%) se presentaron reactivas y una (0,1%), indeterminada para VIH. Aunque un porcentaje de resultados falsos negativos en las PR ha sido encontrado, las pruebas realizadas en el punto de atención poseen alta tasa de confirmación cuando comparadas con las pruebas serológicas. Conclusión: Los datos de este estudio resaltan la importancia de adoptar herramientas de gestión eficaces para garantizar la calidad del diagnóstico de la infección por VIH.


RESUMO Introdução: Muitos fatores podem impactar no desempenho dos testes para diagnóstico da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), comprometendo os resultados de pesquisas populacionais. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho dos testes rápidos (TR) - point-of-care - utilizados para o diagnóstico do HIV em relação aos ensaios convencionais em amostras de sangue da população de travestis e mulheres transexuais da cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Ao Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), 1.385 amostras com os resultados dos TR do HIV foram encaminhadas para serem avaliadas por testes laboratoriais convencionais. Resultados: Das 240 (17,3%) amostras que apresentaram resultado reagente nos TR, a positividade para HIV foi confirmada em 100% por testes laboratoriais convencionais. Entretanto, das 1.145 (82,7%) amostras com resultado de TR não reagente avaliadas, três (0,3%) apresentaram-se reagentes e uma (0,1%), indeterminada para HIV. Embora uma porcentagem de resultados falso-negativos nos TR tenha sido encontrada, os testes realizados em campo possuem alta taxa de confirmação quando comparados com os testes sorológicos. Conclusão: Os dados deste estudo ressaltam a importância da adoção de ferramentas de gestão eficazes para assegurar a qualidade do diagnóstico da infecção por HIV.

3.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-209584

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HCV and HIV antibodies in TB confirmed patient attending the Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Ido Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A total of 500 tuberculosis confirmed patients were selected by random sampling. Their blood samples were collected and assayed for HCV and HIV antibodies using Clinotech diagnostic Anti-HCV detection test and Abbot determine HIV ½ in conjunction with Chembio HIV ½ STAT-PAK assay kit respectively. Out of 500 TB patients tested, 10(2.0%), 21(4.2%) and 3(0.6%) tested positive to Original ResearchArticle HCV, HIV, and HCV/HIV antibodies respectively. Age group 36-45 was the most prevalence of HCV, HIV, and HCV/HIV antibodies with P-value 0.000, 0.000 and 0.002 respectively. The associated risk factors were alcoholism 14 (45.2%), being the highest identified risk factor, followed by previous unprotected sex, multiple sex partner, previous blood donor, previous transfusion, tattoos, and history of the Sexually transmitted disease being the least risk factor 3 (9.68%). The degree of disparity in regards to HCV, HIV and co-exists of HCV/HIV antibodies between 302 male and 198 female that participated were not statistically significant. (P-value 0.531, 0.549,and 0.824 for HCV, HIV and HCV/HIV antibodies respectively).These findings confirmed that both HCV and HIV can co-exist in TB patients, and may increase the risk of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity, if overlooked, there will be a greater risk for TB patients, and these infections will continue to spread through the associated risk factors. However, in managing the TB patients, there is a need to screen for Anti-HCV, as it has been for HIV antibod

4.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 22: e190004, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-990748

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Introduction: This paper details the methods used in the second national Biological and Behavioral Surveillance Survey (BBSS) of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C among men who have sex with men in Brazil. Methods: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used in 12 cities in 2016. The targeted sample size was initiated with five to six seeds in each city. HIV, syphilis, and Hepatitis B and C rapid tests were offered to participants. RDS Analyst with Gile's successive sampling (SS) estimator was used to adjust results as recommended and a weight for each individual was generated for further analysis. Data for the 12 cities were merged and analyzed using Stata 14.0 complex survey data tools with each city treated as its own stratum. Results: Duration of data collection varied from 5.9 to 17.6 weeks. 4,176 men were recruited in the 12 cities. Two sites failed to achieve targeted sample size due to a six-month delay in local IRB approval. No city failed to reach convergence in our major outcome variable (HIV). Conclusion: The comprehensive BBSS was completed as planned and on budget. The description of methods here is more detailed than usual, due to new diagnostic tools and requirements of the new STROBE-RDS guidelines.


RESUMO: Introdução: Este artigo detalha os métodos utilizados na segunda Pesquisa Nacional de Vigilância Biológica e Comportamental (BBSS) do HIV, sífilis e hepatite B e C entre os homens que fazem sexo com homens no Brasil. Métodos: O método Respondent-driven Sampling (RDS) foi utilizado em 12 cidades em 2016. A amostra foi iniciada com cinco a seis sementes em cada cidade. Testes rápidos para o HIV, sífilis e Hepatite B e C foram oferecidos aos participantes. O software RDS Analyst com o estimador de amostragem sucessiva (SS) de Gile foi utilizado para ajustar os resultados como recomendado, gerando um peso para cada indivíduo para análises. Osdados das 12cidades foram unidos em um único banco e analisados usando as ferramentas de dados complexos do Stata 14.0, com cada cidade sendo tratada como seu próprio estrato. Resultados: A duração da coleta de dados variou de 5,9 a 17,6 semanas e 4.176 homens foram recrutados nas 12 cidades. Dois sites não alcançaram o tamanho da amostra alvo devido a uma demora de seis meses na aprovação local do Comitê de Ética. Todas as cidades atingiram a convergência na principal variável estudada (HIV). Conclusão: O BBSS foi representativo e concluído conforme planejado e dentro do orçamento. A descrição dos métodos aqui é mais detalhada do que o habitual, devido às novas ferramentas e requisitos de diagnóstico das novas diretrizes do STROBE-RDS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Syphilis/diagnosis , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data , Hepatitis B/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Syphilis/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Population Surveillance , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Health Surveys/methods , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Self Report , Hepatitis B/epidemiology
5.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 41(2): 6-8, Dec. 2018. ilus., tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIBOCS | ID: biblio-988155

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: evaluar la sensibilidad y especificidad de dos pruebas rápidas utilizadas en el nuevo algoritmo de diagnóstico de VIH en Bolivia, Alere Determine TM HIV 1/2 como prueba de tamizaje y Uni-Gold TM HIV como prueba confirmatoria. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, no experimental. Se utilizaron 60 muestras de suero provenientes de diferentes establecimientos de salud de Cochabamba con resultados reactivos para VIH, enviadas a LABIMED desde enero a junio de 2016 para confirmación. Las 60 muestras (27 positivas y 33 negativas para VIH) fueron procesadas con Alere Determine TM HIV 1/2 y Uni-Gold TM HIV. RESULTADOS: alere Determine TM HIV 1/2 presentó una sensibilidad del 100% y una especificidad del 54,5%. Uni-Gold TM HIV reportó una especificad del 97% y una sensibilidad del 92,6% Conclusiones: la sensibilidad de Alere Determine TM HIV 1/2 cumplió con el criterio del Ministerio de Salud y Deportes de Bolivia (Prueba rápida de tamizaje debe tener una sensibilidad ≥ 99,8%). La especificidad de Uni-Gold TM HIV en este estudio no alcanzó el criterio de especificidad del Ministerio (Prueba rápida de confirmación debe tener una especificidad ≥ 99,9%).


OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the two rapid tests used in the new algorithm of HIV diagnosis in Bolivia, Alere DetermineTM HIV 1/2 as a screening test and Uni-Gold TM HIV as a confirmatory test. METHODS: this is a descriptive and non-experimental study. Sixty serum samples were used with reactive results for HIV from different health establishments in Cochabamba sent to LABIMED from January to June 2016 for HIV confirmation. The 60 samples (27 positive and 33 negative for HIV) were tested with Alere DetermineTM HIV 1/2 and Uni-GoldTM HIV. RESULTS: Alere DetermineTM HIV 1/2 presented a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 54,5%. Uni-GoldTM HIV reported a sensitivity of 92,6% and a specificity of 97%. Conclusions: the sensitivity of Alere Determine TM HIV 1/2 fulfilled the criteria of the Ministry of Health and Sports of Bolivia (rapid screening test must have a sensitivity ≥ 99.8%). The specificity of Uni-GoldTM HIV in this study did not fulfill the Ministry's specificity criterion (rapid confirmation test must have a specificity ≥99.9%).


Subject(s)
HIV Antibodies , Immunologic Tests , HIV/immunology
6.
J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab. (Online) ; 54(6): 364-371, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-975862

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Early diagnosis is an important tool for strategies to fight human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Objective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the comparability of the results of rapid tests (RT) used for the HIV diagnosis in relation to conventional molecular and serological tests in blood samples from a population of men who have sex with men (MSM), from 12 Brazilian capitals. Material and methods: 591 HIV-1 reactive test samples from 4176 MSM participants were submitted to Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) for evaluation by conventional laboratory tests. From these samples with at least one RT reagent, 522 samples were analyzed, and in 493 (94.4%) the HIV positivity was confirmed, with 33% HIV-1 viral load above 5,000 copies/mL and 67% by the serological tests. A total of 336 (10%) samples with a non-reactive RT result were evaluated by standard serology, four (1.2%) tested positive for HIV. Results and conclusion: The results showed a high percentage of samples with confirmed HIV positivity in the conventional laboratory tests, as well as some non-reactive results that were confirmed positive, indicating some limitations of the RT single-step method. Therefore, the serological tests had a fundamental role in clarifying the diagnosis.


RESUMO Introdução: O diagnóstico precoce é um importante instrumento para estratégias de combate à infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Objetivo: O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a comparabilidade do resultado de testes rápidos (TR) utilizados para o diagnóstico de HIV em relação a testes moleculares e sorológicos convencionais em amostras de sangue de população de homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) de 12 capitais brasileiras. Material e métodos: Foram encaminhadas ao Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), 591 amostras com resultado reagente no TR HIV dos 4176 HSH participantes para serem avaliadas pelos testes laboratoriais convencionais. Dessas amostras com pelo menos um TR reagente, 522 amostras foram analisadas e em 493 (94,4%) confirmou-se a positividade para HIV, sendo 33% pela carga viral HIV-1 acima de 5.000 cópias/ml e 67% pelos testes sorológicos. Foram avaliadas pela sorologia convencional, 336 (10%) amostras com resultado de TR não reagente; quatro (1,2%) apresentaram-se reagentes para HIV. Resultados e conclusão: Os resultados mostraram elevado percentual de amostras com a positividade confirmada para HIV nos testes laboratoriais convencionais, bem como alguns resultados negativos que se confirmaram positivos, mostrando algumas limitações do método único do TR, destacando-se aos exames sorológicos papel fundamental à elucidação do diagnóstico.


Subject(s)
Health Strategies , Viral Load , Diagnosis , Laboratories
7.
J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab. (Online) ; 53(3): 188-193, May.-June 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954367

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term stability of the serum samples used as internal quality control (IQC) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Aids) and syphilis immunodiagnostic assays. These samples were produced at the Center of Immunology-Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), and they were distributed to laboratories participating in the IAL Quality Control Program. Method: The sera analyzed by chemiluminescence assay were stored at varied temperature conditions: from 2ºC to 8ºC (refrigerator), from 15ºC to 25ºC (room temperature), at 37ºC (incubator) and at -20ºC (reference temperature) for 12 and 24 hours. Results: Comparative analysis of IQC results for anti-HIV and anti-T. pallidum (anti-treponemal) showed stability in the reference temperature and at the various simulated temperatures for transporting the samples at the established lengths of time. The data from the simple linear regression analysis of negative serum samples (incubator/24 hours) and in one batch of HIV IQC (room temperature/24 hours) were statistically significant at the level of 5% (p-value < 0.05). Conclusion: The sera presented necessary requirements as reference material to be transported to laboratories at refrigeration temperature (2ºC to 8ºC), at the maximum shipping time of 12 hours.


RESUMO Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estabilidade de curta duração de amostras de soro utilizadas como controle de qualidade interno (CQI) de testes imunodiagnósticos de vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (Aids) e sífilis, produzidas no Centro de Imunologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) e distribuídas aos laboratórios participantes do Programa de Controle de Qualidade do IAL. Método: Os soros analisados por meio de ensaio de quimioluminescência foram armazenados em diferentes condições de temperaturas: de 2ºC a 8ºC (geladeira), de 15ºC a 25ºC (ambiente), 37ºC (estufa) e de -20ºC (referência) durante 12 e 24 horas. Resultados: A análise comparativa dos resultados do CQI HIV e T. pallidum (antitreponêmico) demonstrou que os materiais permaneceram estáveis, tanto na temperatura de referência quanto nas diferentes temperaturas simuladas para o transporte, no período de tempo estabelecido. No entanto, os resultados da análise de regressão linear simples das amostras de soro negativas (estufa/24 horas) e de um lote de CQI HIV (ambiente/24 horas) foram estatisticamente significativos ao nível de 5% (valor de p < 0,05). Conclusão: Os soros apresentaram requisitos necessários de material de referência para serem transportados aos laboratórios em temperatura de refrigeração (2ºC a 8ºC) no tempo máximo de 12 horas.

8.
J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab. (Online) ; 53(1): 5-12, Jan.-Feb. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893549

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: For conducting field studies on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serodiagnosis, the use of samples collected on filter paper [dried blood spot (DBS)] is profitable owing to the simplicity in handling and delivering them. Because of these characteristics, the use of DBS is recommended for studies in which the goal is to increase the population access to diagnostic testing, including HIV infection screening. For HIV diagnosis, the conventional strategy firstly uses an enzyme immunoassay as screening test, and the positive sample is confirmed on a complementary assay, as western blotting (WB). Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the analytical performance of WB assay for analyzing DSB samples. Method: One hundred eighteen blood samples collected in filter paper were analyzed by a modified WB. These samples derived from the SampaCentro Study, and they were HIV-antibody-positive in a screening test. In order to assess the reliability of these results, the assay performance was previously certified by employing the sample panel (reference panel) of Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), which consisted of whole blood and plasma paired samples. Results: All of the DBS samples [100% (118/118)] showed the band pattern compatible with the criterion for HIV positivity established by the Ministry of Health. To validate the WB testing, the reciprocal relationship between antibody reactivity of DBS samples and of the respective plasma samples was investigated. Conclusion: WB optimization allowed the achievement of accurate results, and the easy DBS sample collection, transportation and storage will support the use of this immunodiagnostic technique for conducting HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Aids) epidemiological surveys.


RESUMO Introdução: Em estudos de campo é vantajoso o emprego de amostras coletadas em papel de filtro (DBS) pela simplicidade em manuseá-las e transportá-las. Essas características colocam a tecnologia de DBS em posição de destaque nas pesquisas que buscam aumentar o acesso da população aos testes diagnósticos, incluindo os testes sorológicos para vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). A estratégia convencional para o diagnóstico da infecção pelo HIV é utilizar um teste imunoenzimático como primeiro teste e, quando este for reagente, um teste complementar, como o western blot (WB), para confirmar a reatividade da amostra. Objetivo: Neste estudo foi avaliado o desempenho analítico do ensaio WB em amostras DBS. Método: As 118 amostras de sangue coletadas em papel-filtro, provenientes do estudo SampaCentro e reagentes para anticorpos anti-HIV no ensaio de triagem, foram analisadas no WB modificado. Para conferir a confiabilidade a esses resultados, o desempenho do ensaio foi previamente validado por meio de painel de amostras do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL) (painel de referência), composto por amostras pareadas de sangue total e plasma. Resultados: Todas as amostras DBS [100% (118/118)] apresentaram o padrão de bandas compatível com o critério de positividade para HIV preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Na validação do WB, foi averiguada a reciprocidade da reatividade dos anticorpos das amostras DBS e de suas respectivas amostras de plasma. Conclusão: A otimização do WB possibilitou a obtenção de resultados confiáveis, e a facilidade de execução, coleta, transporte e armazenamento de amostra DBS poderá viabilizar a utilização dessa técnica imunodiagnóstica em inquéritos epidemiológicos de HIV/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (Aids).

9.
Journal of Chinese Physician ; (12): 1376-1378, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-482781

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the infection status of infectious diseases for 2 521 patients before blood transfusion in a Hospital in Changsha.Methods A total of 2 521 patients who would be transfused were selected,and six kind of serum hepatitis B virus indicators,hepatitis C virus antibody (antiHCV),human immunodeficiency virus antibody (anti-HIV/1 + 2),and treponema pallidum antibody (antiTP) of nine common infectious disease targets were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Among 2 521 patients,HBsAg-positive cases were 8.33%,anti-HCV positive were 0.59%,anti-HIV positive [confirmed by the Provincial Center for Disease Control (CDC)] was 6 cases,and TP-positive were 2.301%.A total of 289 patients were tested positively,with a total positive rate of 11.46%.Conclusions Detection before transfusion may reduce infection risk and decrease the risk of occupational exposure,strengthen medical staff self-protection,and reduce medical malpractice caused by blood transfusion.

10.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 50(4): 272-277, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723972

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The antibodies have an important role in the serodiagnosis, constituting the most widely used biomarkers to detect and confirm various diseases. Objective: To investigate the reproducibility of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies reactivity, to assess the stability of the sera samples stored at -20ºC for two to eighteen years. Method: Sera were collected in the period 1988-2004 for routine anti-HIV antibodies diagnostic testing. The remaining samples stored at -20ºC, were analyzed in this study. Serum sample stability was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/enzyme immunoassay (ELISA/EIA), indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and Western blot (WB) for detecting anti-HIV antibodies. The previously found results (1988-2004) and those obtained in 2006 were subjected to Kappa index analysis. Result: In the period 1988-to 2004, the degree of concordance of the ELISA/EIA, IFA and WB results were considered, good (k = 0.80), regular (k = 0.35), and good (k = 0.63), respectively. Conclusion: Regarding HIV serologic test, the serum samples were stable for 18 years in ELISA/EIA and for 4 years in IFA technique, however, for the WB methodology it was not possible to determine the time of stability of the anti-HIV antibodies...


Introdução: Os anticorpos possuem papel fundamental no sorodiagnóstico e constituem os mais difundidos biomarcadores empregados na detecção e na confirmação de diversas doenças. Objetivo: Verificar a reprodutibilidade dos resultados de anticorpos contra o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) para avaliar a estabilidade dos soros armazenados a -20ºC durante período de dois a dezoito anos. Método: Os soros utilizados foram provenientes de amostras remanescentes da rotina diagnóstica para detecção de anticorpos anti-HIV, no período de 1988 a 2004, os quais estavam armazenados em freezer a -20ºC. A estabilidade das amostras de soro foi avaliada por meio de enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/enzyme immunoassay (ELISA/EIA), imunofluorescência indireta (IFI) e Western blot (WB) para detecção de anticorpos anti-HIV, e os resultados dos testes realizados anteriormente (1988-2004) e os obtidos em 2006 foram submetidos à análise do índice Kappa. Resultado: No período de 1988-2004, os graus de concordância dos resultados do ELISA/EIA, IFI e WB foram considerados, respectivamente, bom (k = 0,80), regular (k = 0,35) e bom (k = 0,63). Conclusão: No que diz respeito à sorologia para HIV, as amostras de soro foram estáveis por 18 anos no ELISA/EIA e por quatro anos na técnica de IFI, no entanto, para a metodologia de WB, não foi possível determinar o tempo de estabilidade dos anticorpos anti-HIV...


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Banks , HIV Antibodies , Reactivity-Stability , Serum , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Time Factors
11.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 19(7): 2125-2132, jul. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-713734

ABSTRACT

Os detentos apresentam maior vulnerabilidade ao HIV e outras Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) devido a fatores de risco como: compartilhamento de seringas e sexo desprotegido. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a soroprevalência e fatores de risco para o HIV-1/2 e sífilis entre presidiários do sexo masculino em Caruaru, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foi realizado um corte transversal no período de maio a julho de 2011, no qual 1097 detentos de uma penitenciária de Caruaru foram avaliados, por meio de entrevista e coleta de amostra de sangue para realização dos testes. A prevalência de infecção pelo HIV foi de 1,19% e de sífilis 3,92%. A associação com a infecção pelo HIV mostrou-se estatisticamente significante com uso de drogas injetáveis, homossexualismo e condição de transfusão (p < 0,05). Em relação à soropositividade para sífilis, fatores relacionados à vida sexual mostraram-se estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05). A população carcerária constitui um grupo de alto risco para as doenças pesquisadas. As taxas de prevalência aqui identificadas indicam a necessidade de implantação de programas de prevenção para que as mesmas não venham a se disseminar no âmbito desta população.


Prison inmates are more vulnerable to HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) due to risk factors such as needle sharing and unprotected sex with homosexuals. The aim of this work was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1/2) and syphilis among male inmates in Caruaru, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed between May and July 2011, when 1,097 inmates at a prison in Caruaru were assessed by means of interviews and blood sample collection for performing the respective tests. The prevalence was 1.19% for HIV infection and 3.92% for syphilis. HIV infection showed a statistically significant association (p <0.05), with injected drug use, homosexuality and blood transfusions. With respect to HIV status and syphilis, factors related to sex life were statistically significant (p <0.05). The prison population is a high risk group for the diseases investigated. The prevalence rates identified indicate the need to implement prevention programs, helping to contain such diseases in this particular population group.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV Infections/blood , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Syphilis/blood , Syphilis/epidemiology , Treponema pallidum/immunology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prisoners , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies
12.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 50(1): 36-45, 02/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-704696

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The use of reference materials in order to assure and perform the quality control of analytical measurements is a requirement in clinical laboratories. Objectives: Stability of serum samples, kept frozen at -20°C for long-term storage and at varied temperatures during short periods, was evaluated by investigating the persistency of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies reactivity on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/enzyme immunoassay (ELISA/EIA), Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays. Method: The analyzed sera were part of serum panels (comprised of anti-HIV positive and negative samples), produced at the Immunology Center of Instituto Adolfo Lutz, which have been the reference specimens for producing the internal quality assurance sera of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) immunodiagnostic assays. Sera stability was assessed in samples stored at -20°C for 56 weeks, and at various temperature conditions: from 2°C to 8°C (refrigerator), from 15°C to 25°C (room temperature), at 37°C (incubator) and at -80°C (freezer) for 24 and 48 hours. The statistical analyses on HIV-negative serum samples (long-term storage) were significant (p < 0.05), and neither adverse effects on these samples as the occurrence of false-positive results nor false-negative results in HIV antibody positive sera were found in both studies. Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that the reference material remained stable for 48 hours at different temperatures (short-term) and it remained stable at -20°C for 56 weeks (long-term)...


Introdução: A utilização de materiais de referência para assegurar e desempenhar o papel de controle de qualidade das medições analíticas é requisito em laboratórios clínicos. Objetivo: O presente estudo avaliou a estabilidade das amostras de soro, armazenadas a -20°C por um longo período de tempo e durante curto prazo em diferentes temperaturas, quanto à invariabilidade da reatividade de anticorpos contra o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), por meio de enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/enzyme immunoassay (ELISA/EIA), Western blot e imunofluorescência indireta. Método: As amostras analisadas foram provenientes de painéis de soros (constituídos de amostras anti-HIV positivo e negativo), produzidos no Centro de Imunologia do Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), os quais têm sido material de referência para o preparo de amostras do controle de qualidade interno de testes imunodiagnósticos de HIV/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS). A avaliação da estabilidade dos soros foi efetuada em amostras armazenadas a -20°C por 56 semanas e nas diferentes condições de temperaturas: de 2°C a 8°C (geladeira), de 15°C a 25°C (ambiente), 37°C (estufa) e -80°C (freezer), durante 24 e 48 horas. Os resultados das análises de tendência das amostras de soro HIV negativo (armazenamento de longo prazo) foram significantes (p < 0,05) e nenhum efeito adverso foi observado nessas amostras, como a ocorrência de resultados falso-positivos, tampouco foram detectados resultados falso-negativos em amostras de soro positivas para detecção de anticorpos anti-HIV em ambas as avaliações. Conclusão: Foi possível concluir que o material de referência manteve-se estável por 48 horas nas diferentes temperaturas (curto prazo) e permaneceu estável a -20°C por 56 semanas (longo prazo)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Cold Temperature , HIV Antibodies , Hot Temperature , Quality Control , Reactivity-Stability , Serum , Temperature
13.
Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine ; (12): 613-616, 2014.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-671865

ABSTRACT

Objective To evaluate the detectability of HIV antigen-antibody in the window period of acute infection by three HIV antigen-antibody assays.Methods Twenty-two samples of HIV seroconversion serum panels and thirty-seven HIV acute infected plasm samples from our laboratory collected from cohort study of men who have sex with men between 2009 and 2011,were assayed by ECLIA,CLIA and ELISA methods.All assays were evaluated for the ability to detect HIV in the window period,and the sensitivity of each assay for acute samples was analyzed.Chi square test was used for statistical analysis.Results The ability of detecting HIV in the window period of each assay was different.For HIV seroconversion serum panels,the results of ECLIA and CLIA assays were consistent,and the window period was shortened at least 1 to 5 days compared with ELISA assay.For HIV acute samples,all were HIV positive by ECLIA or CLIA assay,but for ELISA assay,94.6% was positive.For samples before seroconversion,ECLIA and CLIA assay had the same sensitivity (93.5%),which is superior to ELISA assay (71.0%) (x2 =5.14,P <0.05).Conclusion The ability of detecting HIV in the window period was different for each assay.The results of ECLIA and CLIA assay are consistent,superior to ELISA assay.

14.
Korean Journal of Blood Transfusion ; : 53-59, 2014.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-173060

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to identify characters of blood donation in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: The study was conducted from 2005 to 2013 at a blood bank in a tertiary hospital. We analyzed data including age, sex, occupation and pre-donation screening tests (ABO/RhD blood grouping, ALT, HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Anti-HIV and Serologic tests for syphilis, Anti-HTLV I/II and Nucleic Acid Amplification Test for HBV, HCV and HIV) of blood donors, retrospectively. RESULTS: Of total 2,546 blood donors, 84.3% were male, and 53.8% of donors were in their 20s and 30s. The whole blood collections, apheresis platelet and apheresis granulocyte comprised 59.8%, 36.1 and 4.1% of the total blood donation, respectively. The trends show that the numbers of whole blood donation and apheresis platelet donation decreased. Forty-six cases were deferred by the pre-donation screening tests, mainly ALT >65IU/L. HBsAg was positive in 7 cases (0.27%), Anti-HCV was positive in 2 cases (0.08%) and Anti-HIV was positive in 3 cases (0.12%). CONCLUSION: The donation numbers of apheresis platelet and whole blood decreased, but the number of apheresis granulocyte donation remained steady in this study. Donor deferral rate due to screening tests in a tertiary hospital-based blood bank was similar to those in Korean Red Cross Blood Service center, therefore additional asking health history and screening tests are not required. The blood donation in tertiary hospital-based blood bank is required because of adequate supply requirable blood components for patients including apheresis granulocytes component.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Blood Banks , Blood Component Removal , Blood Donors , Blood Grouping and Crossmatching , Blood Platelets , Granulocytes , Hepatitis B Antibodies , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Hepatitis C Antibodies , HIV Antibodies , Mass Screening , Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques , Occupations , Red Cross , Retrospective Studies , Serologic Tests , Syphilis , Tertiary Care Centers , Tertiary Healthcare , Tissue Donors
15.
Rev. bras. ciênc. saúde ; 16(2): 253-258, maio 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-639341

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Revisar a literatura em relação aos efeitos do exercício físico sobre as concentrações de subpopulações celulares do sistema imunológico em pacientes com HIV/AIDS com ou sem utilização de antirretrovirais. METODOLOGIA: Foi feita uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed e Scielo, no Portal de periódicos Capes e no Portal da Pesquisa nos meses de outubro de 2009 a junho de 2010. Os estudos foram selecionados pela leitura e análise de títulos, resumos e artigos completos. RESULTADOS: Cinco trabalhos fizeram parte da análise crítica do conteúdo, dentre os quais três demonstraram haver alterações imunológicas associadas aos programas de treinamento físico em pacientes com HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSÃO: A prescrição de exercícios físicos direcionados a pessoas com HIV/AIDS é benéfica, pois possibilita melhorias em componentes da aptidão física e alterações em vários marcadores da função imunológica de pacientes com HIV/AIDS, no entanto, sem ocasionar prejuízos ou agravos na progressão da doença


OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding the effects of exercise on concentrations of immune cell subpopulations in patients with HIV/AIDS with or without the use of antiretrovirals. METHODS: Searches were performed in the PubMed and Scielo databases, CAPES and Research Gates from October 2009 to June 2010. The studies were selected for reading and analysis of titles, abstracts and full papers. RESULTS: Five papers were included for critical analysis of content, of which three have demonstrated immunological changes associated with physical training programs in patients with HIV/AIDS. CONCLUSION: The prescription of exercise targeted to people with HIV/AIDS is beneficial because it enables improvements in components of physical fitness and changes in several markers of immune function in patients with HIV/AIDS, however, without causing damage and injuries in the disease progression


Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise , HIV Antibodies , Anti-Retroviral Agents
16.
Chinese Journal of Dermatology ; (12): 302-305, 2011.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-412633

ABSTRACT

Objective To evaluate the consistence in the detection of antibodies against HIV-1 between a new rapid test using oral mucosal transudate (OMT) samples and ELISA using serum samples. Methods Two-hundred patients who were positive for anti-HIV-1 antibodies by serum ELISA and confirmed by Western blot to be infected with HIV, and 600 healthy human controls negative for anti-HIV-1 antibodies by serum ELISA, were eligible for this study. OMT samples were collected from these subjects and subjected to a rapid test for anti-HIV-1 antibodies. The factors influencing the performance of the rapid test were analyzed. Results Of the 200 OMT specimens from HIV-infected patients, 198 showed positive reaction, 2 showed negative reaction. Among the 198 positive reactions, 192 (96%) were "clear" and easy to make decisions, 4 (2%) were "faint", 2(1%) were "very faint" and required professionals to make decisions. The rapid test was negative in all the 600 OMT specimens from the control group. Conclusions The consistence in the detection of anti-HIV-1 antibodies between the OMT rapid test and serum ELISA was 99% in HIV-positive specimens, 100% in HIV-negative specimens, and 99.75% in all the specimens.

17.
Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz ; 69(2): 157-164, abr.-jun. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP, SESSP-CTDPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-ACVSES, SESSP-IALPROD, SES-SP, SESSP-IALACERVO | ID: lil-571143

ABSTRACT

The present study reports the data resulted from the first evaluation on the performance of the laboratory units of the HIV/AIDS Diagnosis Laboratory Network of the State of São Paulo, which have agreed to participate in the Internal Quality Control scheme for HIV antibody testing (HIV-IQC) at the respective routine diagnostic services. From April 2009 to February 2010, the HIV-IQC serum panels were distributed to 37 laboratories of the Sub-Network of São Paulo State. Of these, 27 (73.0%) sent the forms back to the IAL-Central Lab with the achieved results from the IQC in HIV EIA/ELISA kits. Among 22 (59.5%) laboratories, which perform additional HIV antibody testing by indirect immunofluorescence-based assay (HIV-IFA), 11 (50.0%) carried out the HIV-IFA IQC. As identical data were reported from procedures by employing the IQC samples in different batches of EIA/ELISA kits from the same manufacturers, it may inferred that the laboratories have complied with the recommended procedures, and that the standardized conduct has been followed. Furthermore, the analyses on reported results indicated that the majority of commercial diagnostic kits used for routine HIV antibody testing at the Network laboratories show good quality and reproducibility.


No presente estudo estão descritos os resultados das primeiras análises feitas quanto ao desempenho das unidades componentes da Rede de Laboratórios de Diagnóstico de HIV/AIDS do Estado de São Paulo, que concordaram em participar da implantação do controle de qualidade interno para o diagnóstico sorológico da infecção pelo HIV (CQI-HIV) nos respectivos serviços referentes à detecção de anticorpos anti-HIV. De abril de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010 foram distribuídos os painéis de soro CQI-HIV para 37 laboratóriosda sub-rede do Estado de São Paulo. Desses, 27 (73,0%) enviaram ao IAL Central os formulários com os resultados obtidos no CQI-HIV para EIA/ELISA. Entre os 22 (59,5%) laboratórios que realizam também oensaio de IFI HIV-1 na rotina diagnóstica, 11 (50,0%) executaram o sistema CQI para esse teste. Em vistados laboratórios participantes terem apresentado idênticos dados na determinação de reatividade ideal dasamostras do painel para os conjuntos diagnósticos procedentes de mesmas firmas produtoras e de diferenteslotes, pode-se inferir que os laboratórios seguiram os procedimentos preconizados, o que demonstra aadequada execução da conduta padronizada. Ademais, a análise dos resultados obtidos indica que osconjuntos diagnósticos utilizados pela rede de laboratórios são de boa qualidade e de boa reprodutibilidade.


Subject(s)
AIDS Serodiagnosis , HIV Antibodies , HIV Infections , Quality Control
18.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 66(4): 382-388, jul.-ago. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-701113

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años, las pruebas rápidas para la determinación de anticuerpos contra el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) han tenido un notable desarrollo; su exactitud es equivalente a la de los algoritmos convencionales y suman a ello la rapidez y sencillez en su realización, y quizá el de un menor costo. Además, el uso de sangre total o líquido oral hace a estas pruebas susceptibles de aplicarse en puntos de atención clínica hospitalarios o no hospitalarios. Estas características las vuelven ideales para su aplicación en todas las mujeres que acuden a atención de parto y desconocen su estado serológico respecto al VIH, con el fin de evitar la transmisión vertical del virus. Por otra parte, y en forma mucho menos estudiada, es la aplicación de estas pruebas rápidas en la atención a adolescentes que inician su vida sexual; sus características de no invasión, rapidez y, sobre todo, que pueden ser realizadas en un medio no hospitalario, las hacen atractivas para este grupo etario. Para que este tipo de ensayos sean adquiridos en forma más abierta en nuestro país, y contribuyan al control de la pandemia, es necesaria la educación para la salud, fomentar la responsabilidad por los usuarios, además de más estudios clínicos y mejoras en la organización social.


During the past years, rapid tests to detect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies have been introduced and include new formats and different types of samples. Rapid assays that can be used with whole blood or oral fluid specimens have now been developed and make point-of-care HIV testing feasible. They are suitable for application in untested pregnant women during labor or delivery and prevent vertical transmission. Acceptance of rapid test among young persons that begins with sexual activity is superior to the traditional algorithm for HIV diagnosis, because of the following: 1) immediate results, 2) lack of invasive procedures and 3) accessibility in areas outside of hospital facilities. New clinical research studies, responsibility and education by users and social organization are needed in order to provide greater access to rapid testing, prevention and medical care for persons living with HIV in Mexico.

19.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 140(6): 657-660, nov.-dic. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-632229

ABSTRACT

A pesar de las distintas medidas que se toman para brindar sangre segura durante el proceso transfusional, persiste el riesgo de transmitir alguna infección, por esta razón es importante determinar la seroprevalencia de las infecciones por el VIH y por los virus de la hepatitis B y C en los donadores de sangre. Estudios previos realizados en México, indican que para el VIH la seroprevalencia se encuentra entre 0.01 % y 0.13%. la hepatitis B se encuentra entre 0.11 %y 1.22%. la hepatitis C se encuentra entre 0.47%y 1.47%. Se revisaron los resultados de las pruebas de tamizaje (ELISA de tercera generación y estudios de quimioluminiscencia) de los donadores estudiados en el Banco Central de Sangre del CMN Siglo XXI de 1995 al año 2002, los que resultaron reactivos fueron estudiados por técnicas confirmatorias, WesternBlot para el VM, prueba de neutralización de AgHBs para hepatitis B y RIBA-HCV3. Opara la hepatitis C. Se revisaron resultados de anticuerpos anti-VIH de 513 062 donadores, de los cuales resultaron positivos y confirmados 0.07% asi como511 733 resultados de antígeno de superficie de hepatitis B, de los cuales resultaron reactivos y confirmados 0.13% y los resultados de antihepatitis C de 511115 donadores, de los cuales fueron positivos y confirmados 0.31%. los índices encontrados son bajos en comparación con los reportados en estudios realizados en nuestro país para anticuerpos de VIH, para AgHBs y para anticuerpos de Hepatitis C. Es muy probable que estos índices bajos reflejen el impacto positivo de la implementación de medidas preventivas, mejores estrategias de detección de donadores con riesgo y la ventaja de trabajar con equipos altamente automatizados que manejan tecnología de punta.


Despite utilizing different actions to render blood safe for transfusions, we continue to have the risk of transmitting some viral infections. For this reason, it is important to determine prevalence of infections due to HIV and hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in blood donors. Previous studies from México indicate that HIV prevalence is 0.01 to 0.13%, while it is 0.11 to 1.22% for hepatitis B, and for hepatitis C, prevalence is 0.47 to 1.47%. We are checking the results of the screening tests (ELISA 3rd generation and chemiluminescent immunoassays) from blood donors studied at the Central Blood Bank (Banco Central de Sangre) at the Mexican Institute of Social Security's (IMSS) Twentieth First Century National Medical Center in Mexico City from 1995 to 2002. Reactive results were studied by confirmatory tests, Western Blot for HIV, AgHBs neutralization test for hepatitis B, and RIBA-HCV 3.0 for hepatitis C Reactive results from 513,062 blood donors confirmed for HIV were 0.07%, reactive results and confirmation of hepatitis B from 511,733 blood donors were 0.13%, and reactive results and confirmation of hepatitis C from 511,115 blood donors were 0.31%. Rates obtained are low when compared with results of previous studies in Mexico for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. It may be possible than these low rates indicate the positive impact obtained from preventive actions, better strategies of detection of blood donors with high risk, and the advantage of working with a fully automated test system with state-of-the-art technology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Donors , HIV Seropositivity/epidemiology , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies
20.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 50(2): 93-95, Mayo-ago. 1998.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-629281

ABSTRACT

Se estudia la posibilidad de detectar anticuerpos al VIH-1 mediante un estuche de Immunoblotting, en un papel de 125 muestras conocidas de sangre seca colectadas en papel de filtro y su correspondiente muestra de suero. No se apreciaron diferencias en los patrones de bandas con ambos tipos de muestras, así como en la sensibilidad y especificidad, donde se alcanzaron cifras del 100 %, lo que permitió concluir que la muestra de sangre tomada en papel de filtro puede ser empleada para la detección de anticuerpos al VIH-1 por el sistema DAVIH-BLOT y puede ser conservada a 4 ºC por 30 semanas.


The possibility of detecting HIV-1 antibodies by an inmunoblotting kit is studied in a panel of 125 known specimens of dried blood spotted on filter paper and their corresponding serum samples. No differences were observed in the patterns of bands with both types of samples or in the sensitivity and specificity, where 100 % figures were attained, allowing to conclude that the blood specimen taken on filter paper may be used for the detection of HIV-1 antibodies by the DAVIH-BLOT system and may be kept at 4 ºC during 30 weeks.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Antibodies/blood , AIDS Serodiagnosis/instrumentation , AIDS Serodiagnosis/methods , Blotting, Western/instrumentation , Blotting, Western/methods , Filtration/instrumentation , Paper , Sensitivity and Specificity
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